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Russian cursive
Russian cursive ( "(Russian) hand-writing script",〔A printed variant of Russian cursive (when it is reproduced in ABC books etc.) is typically referred to as " (Russian) handwritten font".〕 not to be confused with "tachygraphy") is the handwritten form of the modern Russian Cyrillic script, used instead of the block letters seen in printed material. In addition, Russian italics for the lowercase letters are often based on Russian cursive (such as lowercase ''Т'': ''т'', which looks like Latin ''m''). Most handwritten Russian, especially personal letters and schoolwork, uses the cursive alphabet. In Russian schools, most children are taught by first grade how to write using this script.
== History ==
Russian (and Cyrillic in general) cursive was developed during the 18th century on the base of earlier Cyrillic tachygraphy,〔"В XVIII веке скорописное письмо постепенно переходит в курсив" (Э. В. Шульгина, Русская книжная скоропись XV в., Saint-Petersburg, 2000, ISBN 5-86007-172-8, p. 16) - "during the 18th century, () tachygraphy gradually transitioned into cursive."〕 re-shaped under the influence of contemporary Latin-based cursives.〔"Термины 'скоропись' и 'курсив' в русской палеографии применяются параллельно, в то же время, в развитии русской скорописи намечаются тенденции, позволяющие выделить новый тип письма, схожий с латинским курсивным письмом, близким к современному. Если в частной сфере применения и в каллиграфии быстрее произошел переход к использованию курсивного письма, то в делопроизводственной традиции эти типы письма довольно долго сосуществовали" (Е. А. Белоконь, "Характеристика почерков XVIII-XIX вв. и термины в описаниях собраний рукописей", in: "Вспомогательные исторические дисциплины: специальные функции и гуманитарные перспективы", Moscow, 2001, p. 61) - "Terms 'tachygraphy' and 'cursive' coexist in the Russian palaeography; meanwhile, in the development of the Russian tachygraphy there are tendencies that allow us to separate a new type of writing, one closer to the Latin cursive similar to its modern form. In the private sphere and in calligraphy, transition to the cursive writing occurred faster, but in the tradition of record keeping, these types of writing coexisted for a long time."〕 It became handwritten counterpart of so-called civil (or Petrine) script of printed books. In order, modern Cyrillic italic typefaces are based (in their lowercase part) mostly on the cursive shape of letters.
The Latin influence on the Russian cursive resulted in numerous characters that are similar or completely identical to Latin ones. For example, modern Russian cursive letters ' may coincide with Latin cursive ''ABDEUKHOPCYXabgezuonpcmyxr'', respectively (despite having completely different sound values in many cases); both upright and italic printed typefaces demonstrate less similarity.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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